Madd Lazim

Madd Lazim

The necessary madd (الْمَدُّ اللَّازِمُ) occurs when a letter of madd is followed by a letter with original sukoon or a letter with tashdeed. It must extend for 6 counts. The necessary madd is divided into 4 types:

1. The necessary heavy prolongation in one word.

2. The necessary light prolongation in one word.

3. The necessary heavy prolongation of one letter.

4. The necessary light prolongation of one letter.

الْمَدُّ اللَّازِمُ الْكَلِمِيُّ الْمُثَقَّلُ — heavy word based necessary prolongation.

Occurs when a letter of madd is followed by a letter with tashdeed in one word.

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دَآبَّةً
ءَآلذَّكْتَرَيْنِ
ءَآلـلَّـهُ
ٱلطَّآمَّةُ
الضَّآلِّينَ
الْحَآقَّةُ
كَآفَّةً

This prolongation is called «verbal» because there is a prolongation letter and tashdeed in one word; and «heavy» because there is tashdeed in a word.

الْمَدُّ اللَّازِمُ الْكَلِمِيُّ الْمُخَفَّفُ — light word based necessary prolongation.

Occurs when a letter of madd is followed by a letter with original sukoon. This madd is found only in 2 places in the Quran: verses 51 and 91 in the surah «Yunus».

أَثُمَّ إِذَا مَا وَقَعَ ءَامَنتُم بِهِۦٓۚ ءَآلۡـَٰٔنَ وَقَدۡ كُنتُم بِهِۦ تَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَ
Surah 10 Yunus, ayah 51
ءَآلۡـَٰٔنَ وَقَدۡ عَصَيۡتَ قَبۡلُ وَكُنتَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُفۡسِدِينَ
Surah 10 Yunus, ayah 91

This prolongation is called «verbal» because the prolongation letter and sukoon are located in one word; and «light» because there is no tashdeed in a word.

الْمَدُّ اللَّازِمُ الْحَرْفِيُّ الْمُثَقَّلُ — heavy letter based necessary prolongation.

The necessary madd in a three-phonemic (three-voiced) letter with a sukoon. The three-phonemic letter consists of three phonemes (letters) from which the middle letters are madd letters. These letters ,which some surahs begin with, are written with one letter, but some of them are read as three letters. Only Allah knows the meaning of these words. We simply say the following about these letters:

اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمُرَادِهِ

Examples:

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الٓمٓصٓ
أَلِفْ لَامْ ميمْ صَادْ
ا*لٓمٓ
أَلِفْ لَامْ مِيمْ

The necessary letters, the middle of which is a madd letter followed by meem with sukoon (meem sakinah) which is doubled by the following letter:

لَام مِّيمْ

This prolongation is called «literal» since the prolongation letter and sukoon are placed in a three-voiced letter; and «heavy» because tashdeed (doubling) occurs in it.

الْمَدُّ اللَّازِمُ الْحَرْفِيُّ الْمُخَفَّفُ — light letter based necessary prolongation

The necessary madd in a three-phonemic (three-voiced) letter with a sukoon:

صٓ = صَادْ

Three-phonemic letter: the middle madd letter is «alif», after alif there is a letter with sukoon without shadda.

Examples:

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قٓ - قَافْ
نٓ - نُونْ
يسٓ - يَا سِينْ
حمٓ - حَا مِيمْ

The necessary prolongation in one letter is called «light» due to the lack of doubling (shadda).

Exercises:

1. Find the rules of the necessary madd in verses 31-36 of the surah an-Nazi’at.

2. Read the following letters correctly:

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عٓسٓقٓ
صٓ
طسٓمٓ
الٓر
يسٓ
نٓ
حمٓ
الٓمٓر
طه
كٓهيعٓصٓ
الٓمٓ

3. Read the surah al-Fatihah and the rule of the necessary madd in it:

Questions:

1. What is the necessary madd?

2. For how many counts is it prolonged?

3. How many types is it divided into?

4. Why is it called a verbal lengthening «kalimi»?

5. Why is it called «light»?

6. Why is it called «literal»?

7. Why is it called «heavy»?