Letter emmision points

There are 5 main points of articulation:

1. the mouth

2. the nasal cavity

3. the tongue

4. the lips

5. throat

They are formed by exhaling air that passes freely through the larynx and oral cavity. The madda letters (the letters of elongation) come out from there.

The letters alif, waaw, yaa

1. Alif with no haraka (with no vowel) — ا, when it is preceded by a letter vocalized by fathah.

2. Waaw with no haraka — و, when it is preceded by a letter vocalized by dammah.

3. Yaa with no haraka — ي, when it is preceded by a letter vocalized by kasrah.

The letters hamzah and ha

Are pronounced from the bottom of the throat, the area of vocal cords

The letters ain and haa

Are pronounced from the middle of the throat, the area of epiglottis.

The letters ghain and khaa

Are pronounced from the top of the throat.

The letter qaaf

The root of the tongue touches on the soft palate.

The letter kaaf

The root of the tongue touches on the hard palate.

The letters jim, sheen, yaa

Are pronounced when we touch the middle of the tongue on the middle of the palate.

The letter dawd

Pronounced when one side or both sides of the tongue touch on the roots of upper molars.

The letter laam

The front of the tongue touches the front part of the palate.

The letter noon

The front of the tongue touches the gums of top front teeth.

The letter ra

The front of the tongue touches the front part of the upper palate.

The letters taaw, dal, ta

The front of the tongue touches the roots of the upper front teeth.

The letters sawd, seen, zay

The front of the tongue touches the upper edges of the lower incisors

The letters thaw, dhal, sa

The tip of the tongue touches the edges of the top front teeth.

The letter fa

Faa comes out when the edge of top front teeth touches the wet part of the lower lip.

The letter waaw

Waaw is articulated by forming a circle of the two lips, the lips do not meet completely.

The letter ba

The lips are tightly closed together.

The letter meem

The lips touch each other.

1. Doubled meem and noon with tashdeed are pronounced like this:

2. Noon with sukoon (or noon saakin), tanween and meem with sukoon (meem saakin) in rules:

a) Doubling with nasalization:

b) Concealment

c) Merging

Note:

Назализация (al-Ghunnah — الْغُنَّةُ) — is a soft sound that comes out of the upper part of nostrils, without the participation of the tongue. In softness and hardness, nasalization follows the subsequent letter.

The length of nasalization— 2 harakah (2 counts).