How to read the letter ر (ra)

There are 3 rules for the letter ر:

1. Heavy-mouth pronunciation

2. Empty-mouth pronunciation

3. Permissibility of both ways

The letter «ra» is pronounced with a heavy-mouth in the following cases:

1. If the letter «ra» is vocalized by fathah رَ or dammah رُ. Examples:

2.If the letter «ra» has a sukoon and the preceding letter is vocalized by fathah or dammah. Examples:

3. If the letter «ra» obtains sukoon because of a stop and the preceding letter also has sukoon and this letter is preceded by a letter vocalized by fathah or dammah. Examples:

4.If the letter «ra» has a sukoon and the preceding letter has kasrah that is not original:

5. If the letter «ra» has a sukoon, before that there is an original kasrah and after «ra» — there is one of the heavy-mouth letters not vocalized by kasrah:

The letter «ra» is pronounced with an empty-mouth in the following cases:

1. If the letter «ra» is vocalized by kasrah. Examples:

If the «ra» has a sukoon, there is an original kasrah before it and there has to be none of the heavy-mouth letters after «ra». Examples:

3. If «ra» obtains a sukoon because of a stop and there is the letter ي with a sukoon before it. Examples:

4. If «ra» obtains a sukoon because of a stop and there is a saakinah letter before it which is preceded by a letter with kasrah. For instance:

The letter «ra» can be pronounced both with an empty-mouth and heavy-mouth in the following cases:

1. If the letter «ra» has a sukoon, then there is a letter with an original kasrah before it and there is a heavy-mouth letter vocalized by kasrah or tanween-kasrah after it. Examples:

2. If «ra» obtains a sukoon because of a stop, then there is a heavy-mouth letter with a sukoon before it preceded by a letter with kasrah. Examples:

Exercises:

1. Find the rules of the letter ر in surah Al-Qadr:

2. Find the rules of the letter ر in surah Al-Byyinah:

Questions:

1.How many conditions are there for the letter ر?

2. In how many places is ر read heavily?

3. When is «ra» read with an empty-mouth?

4.When is it allowed to be read both with an empty and a heavy mouth?