Idgham
If after the noon sakinah or tanween comes any of the Idghaam letters, you will merge the noon sakinah or tanween into the letter and shadda is made on that letter.
Idghaam has 6 letters:
We can collect these letters into a word:
Merging is split into two types:
1) Merging with nasalization —
2) Merging without nasalization —
The letters:
They are collected in a word —
If any of these letters come after the noon sakinah or tanween, the noon sakinah and tanween assimilate with these letters (i.e we do not read the «noon» but convert it into the following letter which needs to be doubled) and are read with nasalization.
Merging with nasalization is called «incomplete» (
Examples
Examples with noon:
Note:
There are two exceptions in the rule of merging with nasalization:
a) Merging must occur in two words: the noon at the end of one word and the letter of merging at the beginning of the next one. However, if they (the noon and one of the 6 letters) meet in one word, the Ithhaar rule is applied: the noon is read clearly and without any changes:
b) Two passages in the Quran are also an exception to this rule, despite the fact that there is a merging rule in them:
The letters:
Whenever any of these letters come after the noon sakinah or tanween, then the noon sakinah or tanween will fully convert into these letters and will be read with shadda (the doubling), with no nasalization.
Merging with no nasalization is called «complete merging»
The assimilated noons have no vocalizations above or beneath them in the Quran.
An example of idghaam without nasalization:
Examples with noon:
Examples with tanween:
Exercises:
Find the letters of merging in surahs Al-Humazah, Al-Ma’un, Quraysh.
Questions:
1. What is Merging (give the definition)?
2. How many letters does Merging have?
3. How many types is Merging divided into?
4. Are there any exceptions to this rule? If yes, then what are they?
5. Does merging occur in one word or two?